AFM Resurgence: Is a New Wave of Paralysis in Children on the Horizon?

Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM), a rare but serious condition that can cause paralysis in children, is seeing a resurgence in the United States. While the exact cause is unknown, scientists have linked it to enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), a virus that typically causes mild respiratory infections. This comes after a surge in EV-D68 in recent years, though recorded cases remain low in 2024, leading to concerns about a potential new wave of AFM cases.

What is AFM and How Does it Affect Children?

AFM primarily affects children, causing sudden weakness in the limbs. This weakness can range from mild to severe, with some patients experiencing facial weakness, slurred speech, and pain throughout the body and back. In more severe cases, AFM can result in permanent paralysis or even respiratory failure.

The Link Between EV-D68 and AFM

While EV-D68 usually causes mild respiratory symptoms, research has revealed that some strains have mutated to resemble the polio virus more closely. These mutated strains are believed to be more likely to trigger AFM.

Rising EV-D68 Levels and Potential Outbreak

Data from WastewaterSCAN, a program that monitors wastewater for infectious diseases, has shown a significant increase in EV-D68 levels in the US since early August. This is particularly concerning as EV-D68 outbreaks typically peak in the summer and fall. The surge in EV-D68 levels has raised concerns about a potential outbreak of AFM, prompting health officials to remain vigilant.

What You Need to Know About AFM:

Here's a breakdown of key information about AFM:

Symptoms: Sudden weakness in the limbs, facial weakness, slurred speech, pain throughout the body and back.

Causes: Infection with enterovirus (EV) D68, particularly mutated strains that resemble polio more closely.

Polio Connection: EV-D68 is related to the polio virus, and some strains have mutated to resemble polio more closely.

Severity: In severe cases, AFM can cause permanent paralysis or even respiratory failure.

Monitoring: Wastewater data is being used to monitor the spread of EV-D68 and provide early warnings of outbreaks.

Prevention: There is currently no specific treatment for AFM, but early diagnosis and supportive care can help manage symptoms and improve outcomes. Good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and covering coughs and sneezes, can help prevent the spread of EV-D68.

What are the common symptoms associated with AFM?

AFM is characterized by sudden weakness in the limbs, facial weakness, slurred speech, and pain throughout the body and back.

How is AFM related to polio?

EV-D68, the virus that causes AFM, is related to the polio virus. Some strains of EV-D68 have mutated to resemble polio more closely and are more likely to cause AFM.

How can the spread of EV-D68 be monitored?

Wastewater data is being used to monitor the spread of EV-D68 and provide early warnings of outbreaks.

What are the potential long-term consequences of AFM?

In more severe cases, patients may experience permanent paralysis or even respiratory failure.

What are the recommended measures to prevent the spread of EV-D68?

Good hygiene practices, such as frequent handwashing and covering coughs and sneezes, can help prevent the spread of EV-D68.

Staying Vigilant and Seeking Help

Although AFM is a serious condition, it remains relatively rare. However, it's crucial to stay vigilant, especially during the peak season for EV-D68 outbreaks. If you or your child experience any symptoms of AFM, contact your doctor immediately for proper diagnosis and treatment. Early intervention is crucial for managing symptoms and potentially preventing long-term complications.