Nosebleeds: Causes, Treatment, and When to See a Doctor

A nosebleed, also known as epistaxis, is a common occurrence that happens when blood flows from the nose. While dry air is often blamed, numerous other factors can trigger nosebleeds.

Common Causes of Nosebleeds

Dry Air: Dry air can irritate and dry out the nasal passages, making tiny blood vessels in the nose more prone to breakage.

Infections: Colds and sinusitis can inflame the nasal lining, leading to nosebleeds, particularly during sneezing or coughing.

Picking Your Nose: Vigorous nose-picking can scratch the delicate lining of the nose and cause blood vessels to rupture.

Injury: A strong blow to the face, like a bump or a punch, can result in broken blood vessels in the nose.

High Altitude: The thinner air at high altitudes can cause nosebleeds due to its dryness.

Nasal Inflammation: Inflammation in the nose from allergies or infections like sinusitis or rhinitis can damage blood vessels, triggering nosebleeds.

Certain Medications: Medications such as aspirin, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and warfarin can lead to nosebleeds as a side effect.

Managing a Nosebleed

If you experience a nosebleed, stay calm. Here's a simple guide to manage it:

1. Stay Calm:

Panic can worsen the bleeding.

2. Sit Up Straight:

Keep your head above your chest.

3. Lean Forward:

Lean your body slightly forward to prevent blood from flowing down your throat.

4. Pinch Your Nose:

Use your thumb and forefinger to pinch your nose for 5 to 10 minutes while breathing through your mouth.

5. Avoid Touching Your Nose:

Do not touch or blow your nose after the bleeding stops, as this can cause it to start again. If the bleeding recurs, gently blow your nose to clear any blood clots.

What are the most common reasons for nosebleeds?

Dry air, infections, nose-picking, injury, high altitude, nasal inflammation, and certain medications are some of the most common causes of nosebleeds.

How does dry air cause nosebleeds?

Dry air can irritate and dry out the nasal passages, making small blood vessels in the nose more susceptible to breakage.

How can nasal inflammation lead to nosebleeds?

Inflammation in the nose from allergies or infections like sinusitis or rhinitis can damage blood vessels, triggering nosebleeds.

What are some steps to take when you have a nosebleed?

Stay calm, sit up straight, lean forward, pinch your nose, and avoid touching your nose after the bleeding stops.

When to Seek Medical Attention

If a nosebleed persists for a long time or occurs frequently, it's essential to consult a doctor immediately.